Autumn tree care guide

Autumn is a beautiful season marked by vibrant foliage, crisp air, and the gradual winding down of nature's growth cycle. For tree enthusiasts and gardeners, it’s a crucial time to ensure all trees receive the care they need to thrive through the colder months and prepare for the spring. 

This comprehensive guide will cover various aspects of autumn tree care, providing insights and practical tips for keeping trees healthy and beautiful. 

What happens to trees in autumn?

As autumn arrives, trees undergo significant changes to prepare for the winter. The most noticeable change is the transformation of leaves, which shift from green to shades of yellow, orange, red, and brown. This colour change is due to the breakdown of chlorophyll, the pigment responsible for the green colour in leaves. As chlorophyll degrades, other pigments like carotenoids and anthocyanins become visible.

During this time, trees also begin to shed their leaves, a process known as abscission. This helps conserve water and energy during the winter when the ground may be frozen and water is less available. Additionally, trees enter a state of dormancy, slowing their metabolic processes to conserve resources until the warmer months return.

Why is tree care important in autumn?

Tree care in autumn is essential for several reasons:

1. Preparation for winter: proper care ensures trees are healthy and strong enough to withstand the harsh winter conditions.
2. Disease and pest prevention: autumn care can help prevent the spread of diseases and pests that could harm trees during the winter.
3. Encouraging spring growth: actions taken in autumn can set the stage for robust growth in the spring.

Fruit trees in autumn 

What fruit trees to plant in autumn 

Autumn is an excellent time to plant fruit trees. The cooler temperatures and increased rainfall create ideal conditions for establishing roots, especially within young trees. When planting fruit trees, choose a sunny spot with well-draining soil. Dig a hole twice the width of the root ball and ensure the tree is planted at the same depth it was in the pot. Water thoroughly after planting to ensure your trees flourish.

Can I prune fruit trees in autumn?

Pruning in autumn helps remove dead or diseased branches, improves air circulation, and reduces the risk of disease. Focus on removing any branches that cross or rub against each other and any that are growing inward. This promotes a healthier structure and better fruit production in the coming year.

Watering fruit trees in autumn 

Consistent watering is crucial for any fruit tree, especially if rainfall is scarce. Water deeply and infrequently to encourage roots to grow deeper into the soil. Reduce watering as the weather cools, but ensure trees are well-hydrated before the first frost.

Trimming fruit trees in autumn 

Trimming involves cutting back overgrown branches to maintain the desired shape and size. This can be done alongside pruning. Make clean cuts to avoid damaging the tree.

Best fruit trees to plant in autumn

Some of the best fruit trees to plant in autumn include apple, pear, peach, and plum trees. These varieties benefit from the autumn planting season and will be ready to grow vigorously in the spring. 

Can you fertilise fruit trees in autumn?

It's generally best to avoid fertilising fruit trees in autumn. Fertilising can encourage new growth that may not harden off before winter, making it susceptible to damage. Instead, focus on mulching and providing organic matter to improve soil health.

Care guidelines for different types of trees in autumn 

Deciduous trees 

Deciduous trees, such as oaks, maples, and birches, require pruning to remove deadwood and improve structure. Rake up fallen leaves to prevent fungal diseases and consider adding a layer of mulch to retain soil moisture and protect roots. Similarly, you should follow the same care instructions for deciduous fruit trees during the autumn months. 

Leaf changes in autumn 

Why do trees shed leaves in autumn?

Trees shed leaves in autumn to conserve water and energy during the winter. The process, known as abscission, involves the formation of a layer of cells at the base of the leaf stem that gradually severs the leaf from the tree.

What trees lose their leaves in autumn?

Deciduous trees are known for shedding their leaves in autumn. Common examples include Maple, Oak, Birch, and Ash trees. This seasonal process, called leaf abscission, helps trees conserve water and energy during the colder months. As temperatures drop and daylight decreases, these trees transform into vibrant displays of yellow, red, and orange foliage before their leaves fall to the ground.

Why do trees change colour in autumn?

The change in leaf colour is due to the breakdown of chlorophyll, revealing other pigments such as carotenoids (yellow and orange) and anthocyanins (red and purple). This transformation is triggered by shorter daylight hours and cooler temperatures.

What trees turn red in autumn?

Several tree species are known for their vibrant red foliage in autumn. Common examples include Maple trees, such as the Red Maple and Japanese Maple, which display brilliant red leaves. Oak trees, like the Red Oak, also turn striking shades of red. Additionally, Dogwood trees are notable for their rich red autumn colours. These trees contribute to the stunning autumn landscapes with their vibrant hues.

Planting trees in autumn

Can you plant trees in autumn?

Autumn is ideal for planting trees like maples, oaks, dogwoods, and crabapples. These trees establish roots well in the cooler temperatures and will be ready to grow in the spring.

What trees bloom in autumn?

While most trees bloom in early spring, some, like certain species of magnolias and grevilleas, can bloom in autumn. These trees add a splash of colour to the landscape as the days grow shorter.

Hedges in autumn 

Should I be growing hedges in autumn?

Autumn is an excellent time to plant and establish new hedges. The cooler temperatures and increased rainfall create ideal conditions for root development, allowing hedges to establish themselves before the onset of winter. By planting in autumn, hedges can take advantage of the season’s natural moisture and settle in, reducing the stress of transplantation. This head start in root growth ensures that they are well-prepared to thrive in the spring, making autumn an optimal time for starting new

Can you trim hedges in autumn?

Trimming hedges in autumn helps maintain their shape and encourages healthy growth. Focus on removing dead or diseased branches and cutting back any overgrown sections. Avoid heavy pruning as it can stress the plants before winter. 

When to cut hedges in autumn

The best time to cut hedges in autumn is early in the season. Trimming hedges during this period helps maintain their shape and encourages healthy growth before winter. Regular maintenance ensures your hedges remain neat and healthy year-round. 

Watering new trees in autumn 

Newly planted trees require consistent watering to establish strong roots. Water deeply once or twice a week, depending on rainfall. Mulching around the base can help retain moisture and protect roots from temperature fluctuations.

When to start watering new trees in autumn

Begin watering trees in early autumn. This ensures they have enough moisture to support root development before winter dormancy.

Tree diseases in autumn

How do you know if a tree is diseased? 

Certain tree diseases can become more apparent in autumn. Fungal diseases like powdery mildew and leaf spot can affect trees. Regular inspection and proper sanitation, like removing fallen leaves, can help prevent these issues.

Tree pests in autumn

What types of tree pests appear in autumn? 

Aphids, mites, and scale insects are common autumn pests. Inspect trees regularly and treat infestations promptly with appropriate insecticides or natural remedies like neem oil.

Mulching in autumn 

Can you mulch in autumn? 

Mulching is an essential autumn tree care practice. Apply a 2-3 inch layer of mulch around the base of the tree, keeping it away from the trunk. Mulch and other wood chips help retain moisture, regulate soil temperature, and reduce weed competition. 

Find the best autumn tree care with Trav’s Trees Services 

As autumn approaches, ensuring your trees receive the best care is essential for their health and longevity. Trav’s Trees Services offers expert tree care specifically tailored for the autumn season.